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Explanation Text

Definition and purposes of Explanation

 Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic structure of Explanation

·         General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

·         Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena

Language Feature

·         Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc

·         Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc

·         Using passive voice pattern

·         Using simple present tense

Ciri-ciri Explanation Text?

Menjelaskan bagaimana dan mengapa suatu fenomena terjadi.

Bagian awal menjelaskan apa yang akan disampaikan dalam teks.

Paragraf berikutnya menjelaskan secara berurutan apa yang disampaikan pada bagian awal.

Bagian akhir adalah kesimpulan. Menggunakan present tense untuk menjelaskan kebenaran umum.

Teks berbentuk non fiksi.

Cara mudah mengenal Explanation text.

Jika kamu menemukan sebuah teks yang di dalamnya berisi tentang penjelasan mengapa sesuatu terjadi dan bagaimana terjadinya. Misalnya, bencana tsunami. Di dalam teks disebutkan mengapa terjadi tsunami dan bagaimana tsunami terjadi.

 

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Text 1

Recycling is a collection, processing, and refuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

Text 2

A very fast train is an electrified train that runs on a dedicated line. A very fast train has an average speed of more than 250 km/h. It offers an obvious alternative to cars on crowded motorways and to air travel on crowded air routes.

Very fast trains have been around for a long while. In Japan, the first very fast train, the so-called bullet train, first ran in 1964. Its route, the Tokaido line, was from Tokyo to Osaka, a distance of 515 km. It achieved speeds of up to 300 km/h. The other national super train, the TGV (Train a’Grande Vitesse: meaning high-speed train), ran in France for the first time in 1983, on Paris to Lyon route. Super trains are generally expected to run at an average speed 270km/h. Spain’s super train, the Ave, has reached a top speed of 500km/h. No wonder very fast trains have spread throughout Europe, and the bullet train system has been extended in Japan.

How are very fast trains able to attain such high speed? First of all, they have an efficient supply of energy through overhead electric lines. They have aerodynamic design to limit wind resistance at high speeds. Curves and climbs have been kept to a minimum. They also travel on lines especially built for their high speeds – there are no slower, more conventional trains on super train lines.

Very fast trains are smooth-running and quiet. They have few delays. For examples, the average time for TGV trains to remain at stations is just a few minutes.

That is, enough time to permit passengers to alight from and board the train. Planes travel at much faster speed than super trains, yet passengers spend a lot of time getting to airports, boarding the plane, and then leaving the airport and traveling to their local destination at the other end. On some routes in Europe it is faster to travel by super train than by plane.

There are no super trains in Australia because of our vast distances and very small population. Elsewhere in the world, super trains travel between centers of great population. However, Queensland does have a tilt train, the next step down from the super trains. It achieves high speeds because it tilts as it comes into curves. As a result, the train does not have to slow down so much. However, it does not travel on a specially constructed line

Text 3

The sense of taste is one of a person's five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue.

There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types. The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called 'tastes messages.

When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue.

The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

  

Text 4

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many part of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.

The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being controlled.